1. Cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy are examples of: (Points: 2)
viral infections
genetic disorders
sexually transmitted diseases
bacterial infections
2. A field of biology that studies ways that DNA can be manipulated for the benefit of humans is: (Points: 2)
marine biology
entomology
genetic engineering
zoology
3. All of the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except: (Points: 2)
cell wall
cell membrane
mitochondria
the endoplasmic reticulum
4. The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called: (Points: 2)
solubility
endocytosis
osmosis
selective transport
5. Through the process of homeostasis, organisms are able to: (Points: 2)
pass genetic information from generation to generation
develop sensitivity to environmental stimuli
maintain constant internal conditions
incorporate nutrients into their cells
6. The process of cellular respiration: (Points: 2)
is performed by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis
breaks down food molecules to release stored energy
occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis
occurs only in animal cells
7. Long chains of amino acids are found in: (Points: 2)
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
8. The internal transport system of the cell consists of a system of membrane channels called: (Points: 2)
a. the mitochondria
b. the nucleus
c. the chloroplast
d. the endoplasmic reticulum
9. There are two types of respiration: (Points: 2)
a. aerobic and anaerobic
b. aerobic and human
c. anaerobic and human
d. oxygen and carbon dioxide
10. The bonds that hold water molecules together in a droplet of water are: (Points: 2)
a. ionic bonds
b. polar covalent bonds
c. nonpolar covalent bonds
d. nonhydrogen bonds
11. The term gamete is used to describe: (Points: 2)
a. cells that are diploid
b. cells with numerous vacuoles
c. sperm or egg cells
d. cells with mutations in their DNA
12. The organelles that make sugar in plants are: (Points: 2)
a. the chloroplasts
b. the mitochondria
c. the nucleus
d. the ribosomes
13. Storing genetic information is a major function of: (Points: 2)
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. fatty acids
d. nucleic acids
14. Another term for the genetic condition where the two copies of a gene on homologous chromosomes are different is: (Points: 2)
a. homozygous
b. hybrid
c. phenotype
d. genotype
15. The three branches of science are: (Points: 2)
a. genetic engineering, marine biology and space science
b. neuroscience. chemistry and geology
c. physical science, earth science and life science
d. paleontology, physical science and biology
16. In nucleic acids, the base guanine always pairs with: (Points: 2)
a. adenine
b. uracil
c. thymine
d. cytosine
17. Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule? (Points: 2)
a. carbon dioxide
b. lipid
c. nucleic acid
d. carbohydrate
18. An active muscle cell requires a great deal of energy to contract. It is likely that this muscle cell has large numbers of: (Points: 2)
a. chloroplasts
b. mitochondria
c. chromosomes
d. vacuoles
19. When mitosis is complete, the two cells that are formed: (Points: 2)
a. contain identical copies of DNA
b. are haploid, unlike the starting cell
c. vary somewhat depending on how much crossing over has occurred
d. are sperm in males of eggs in females
20. The nucleus of an oxygen atom contains: (Points: 2)
a. negatively charged electrons
b. both protons and neutrons
c. positively charged protons
d. neutrons, which have no electrical charge
21. When cells break down food molecules, energy: (Points: 2)
a. is released all at once
b. is converted into body heat and released
c. is temporarily stored in ATP molecules
d. causes excitation of electrons in chlorophyll molecules
22. As a result of diffusion, the concentrations of many types of substances: (Points: 2)
a. always become greater inside a membrane
b. eventually become balanced on both sides of a membrane
c. always remain greater on the outside of a membrane
d. become imbalanced on both sides of a membran
Timothy G
1. genetic disorders
CF is caused by a mutation in the gene for the protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
The best-known type, Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD), is inherited in an X-linked pattern, meaning that the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes,
2. Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification/manipulation (GM), and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct manipulation of an organism's genes.
3. Cell Wall
Only in plants.
4. Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a Semipermeable membrane.[1] More specifically, it is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water potential (low solute concentration) to an area of low water potential (high solute concentration).
5.maintain constant internal conditions
not too sure about this
Human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment and the weather.
6.breaks down food molecules to release stored energy
We all need energy to function and we get this energy from the foods we eat. The most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food is through cellular respiration, a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP, a high energy molecule, is expended by working cells. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It has three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport.
7. proteins
A protein depicted as a long unbranched string of linked circles each representing amino acids. A polypeptide is an unbranched chain of amino acids
8.the endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells.
9. a. aerobic and anaerobic
There are two types of respiration: aerobic, which requires oxygen and releases lots of energy; anaerobic, which does not require oxygen
10. b.polar covalent bond
Water is an example of a molecule that has polar covalent bonds and engages in hydrogen bonding.
11. c. sperms and eggs
A gamete[1] is a specialized sex cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually.
In species which produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual which produces the larger type of gamete—called an ovum (or egg)—and a male produces the smaller type—called a spermatozoon (or sperm cell).
12.a. the chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are structures that enable the plant to make sugars through photosynthesis. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cannot make their own food.
13.d. nucleic acids
A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric nucleotides. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within cells. The most common nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are universal in living things, as they are found in all cells and viruses. Nucleic acids were first discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1871.
14. b hybrid
In general usage, hybrid is synonymous with heterozygous: any offspring resulting from the mating of two distinctly homozygous individuals
15. c. physical science, earth science and life science
16.d. cytosine
17. a carbon dioxide
organic" generally means that the molecule has carbon/hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen in it (carbon is the most important one. most "organic" substances tend to have at least carbon and hydrogen).
macromolecule: "macro" = big (as opposed to micro- tiny!) so you're looking at a big compound that has been made up of smaller units.
Therefore out of that list... ice. Although it's been made up of many water molecules, the water molecule itself is not an "organic" molecule. All the others are.
In a DNA molecule cytosine always pairs with guanine, the same is true for an RNA molecule.
18. b. mitochondria
19. a. contain identical copies of DNA
Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei.[1]
20.b. both protons and neutrons
21.c. is temporarily stored in ATP molecules
22. b. eventually become balanced on both sides of a membrane
As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances becomes equal,called dynamic equilibrium.
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